Verlag Springer International Publishing AG

Cover for Heritage and Archaeology in the Digital Age (Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Heritage and Archaeology in the ...
Cover for New Challenges in Banking and Finance: 2nd International Conference on Banking and Finance Perspectives - Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
New Challenges in Banking and Fi...
Cover for Skull Base Surgery of the Posterior Fossa (Gebundenes Buch) [2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
2018 edition
Skull Base Surgery of the Poster...
Cover for Borderlands and Liminal Subjects: Transgressing the Limits in Philosophy and Literature (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Borderlands and Liminal Subjects...
Cover for Jacques Blanc-Talon · Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems: 18th International Conference, ACIVS 2017, Antwerp, Belgium, September 18-21, 2017, Proceedings - Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Taschenbuch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Taschenbuch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Advanced Concepts for Intelligen...
Jacques Blanc-Talon
Cover for Design and Modeling of Mechanical Systems—III: Proceedings of the 7th Conference on Design and Modeling of Mechanical Systems, CMSM'2017, March 27–29, Hammamet, Tunisia - Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering (Taschenbuch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Taschenbuch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Design and Modeling of Mechanica...
Cover for Nishitani · Cauchy Problem for Differential Operators with Double Characteristics (Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Cauchy Problem for Differential ...
Nishitani
Cover for Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence XXVII - Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Taschenbuch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Taschenbuch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Transactions on Computational Co...
Cover for Sara Montagna · Agents and Multi-Agent Systems for Health Care: 10th International Workshop, A2HC 2017, Sao Paulo, Brazil, May 8, 2017, and International Workshop, A-HEALTH 2017, Porto, Portugal, June 21, 2017, Revised and Extended Selected Papers - Lecture Notes in Comp (Taschenbuch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Taschenbuch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Agents and Multi-Agent Systems f...
Sara Montagna
Cover for Cryptography and Coding (Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Cryptography and Coding
Cover for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems: AAMAS 2017 Workshops, Visionary Papers, Sao Paulo, Brazil, May 8-12, 2017, Revised Selected Papers - Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Taschenbuch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Taschenbuch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Autonomous Agents and Multiagent...
Cover for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems: AAMAS 2017 Workshops, Best Papers, Sao Paulo, Brazil, May 8-12, 2017, Revised Selected Papers - Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Taschenbuch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Taschenbuch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Autonomous Agents and Multiagent...
Cover for Web and Internet Economics: 13th International Conference, WINE 2017, Bangalore, India, December 17–20, 2017, Proceedings - Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Taschenbuch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Taschenbuch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Web and Internet Economics: 13th...
Cover for Personal Analytics and Privacy. An Individual and Collective Perspective: First International Workshop, PAP 2017, Held in Conjunction with ECML PKDD 2017, Skopje, Macedonia, September 18, 2017, Revised Selected Papers - Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Taschenbuch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Taschenbuch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Personal Analytics and Privacy. ...
Cover for Big Data Analytics: 5th International Conference, BDA 2017, Hyderabad, India, December 12-15, 2017, Proceedings - Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Taschenbuch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Taschenbuch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Big Data Analytics: 5th Internat...
Cover for Younes Salehi · Numerical Integration of Space Fractional Partial Differential Equations: Vol 1 - Introduction to Algorithms and Computer Coding in R - Synthesis Lectures on Mathematics & Statistics (Taschenbuch) (2017)
Taschenbuch
Numerical Integration of Space F...
Younes Salehi
Cover for Anna Aksamit · Enlargement of Filtration with Finance in View - SpringerBriefs in Quantitative Finance (Taschenbuch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Taschenbuch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Enlargement of Filtration with F...
Anna Aksamit
Cover for Contemporary Issues in African Society: Historical Analysis and Perspective - African Histories and Modernities (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Contemporary Issues in African S...
Cover for Hilary Miezah · Elections in African Developing Democracies (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Elections in African Developing ...
Hilary Miezah
Cover for Gopal B. Saha · Fundamentals of Nuclear Pharmacy (Gebundenes Buch) [Seventh Edition 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
Seventh Edition 2018 edition
Fundamentals of Nuclear Pharmacy
Gopal B. Saha
Cover for Michael Booth · Shakespeare and Conceptual Blending: Cognition, Creativity, Criticism - Cognitive Studies in Literature and Performance (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Shakespeare and Conceptual Blend...
Michael Booth
Cover for The International Political Economy of Oil and Gas - International Political Economy Series (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
The International Political Econ...
Cover for Amy C. Alexander-Farida Jalalzai-Catherine Bolzend · Measuring Women’s Political Empowerment across the Globe: Strategies, Challenges and Future Research - Gender and Politics (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Measuring Women’s Political Empo...
Amy C. Alexander-Farida Jalalzai...
Cover for Complexity and Synergetics (Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Complexity and Synergetics
Cover for Surgeons as Educators (Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Surgeons as Educators
Cover for Poison and Poisoning in Science, Fiction and Cinema: Precarious Identities - Palgrave Studies in Science and Popular Culture (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Poison and Poisoning in Science,...
Cover for Ritchie · Gay Mental Healthcare Providers and Patients in the Military: Personal Experiences and Clinical Care (Taschenbuch) [2018 edition] (2017)
Taschenbuch
2018 edition
Gay Mental Healthcare Providers ...
Ritchie
Cover for Educational Technology to Improve Quality and Access on a Global Scale (Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Educational Technology to Improv...
Cover for Kapya Kaoma · Christianity, Globalization, and Protective Homophobia: Democratic Contestation of Sexuality in Sub-Saharan Africa (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Christianity, Globalization, and...
Kapya Kaoma
Cover for Biomass and Green Chemistry: Building a Renewable Pathway (Gebundenes Buch) [2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
2018 edition
Biomass and Green Chemistry: Bui...
Cover for Massimo Villata · The Dark Arrow of Time: A Scientific Novel - Science and Fiction (Taschenbuch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Taschenbuch
1st ed. 2017 edition
The Dark Arrow of Time: A Scient...
Massimo Villata
Cover for Urszula Sta?Czyk · Advances in Feature Selection for Data and Pattern Recognition (Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Advances in Feature Selection fo...
Urszula Sta?Czyk
Cover for Lihui Wang · Cloud-Based Cyber-Physical Systems in Manufacturing (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Cloud-Based Cyber-Physical Syste...
Lihui Wang
Cover for International Perspectives on the Theory and Practice of Environmental Education (Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
International Perspectives on th...
Cover for Language Development across the Life Span (Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Language Development across the ...
Cover for Claudio Giachetti · Smartphone Start-ups: Navigating the iPhone Revolution (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Smartphone Start-ups: Navigating...
Claudio Giachetti
Cover for Patricia V. Roehling · Flipping the College Classroom: An Evidence-Based Guide (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Flipping the College Classroom: ...
Patricia V. Roehling
Cover for Gerald C. Liu · Music and the Generosity of God - Radical Theologies and Philosophies (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Music and the Generosity of God ...
Gerald C. Liu
Cover for Jinlong Xu · Conveyor Belt Furnace Thermal Processing (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Conveyor Belt Furnace Thermal Pr...
Jinlong Xu
Cover for Zhao · Advanced Maintenance Policies for Shock and Damage Models (Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Advanced Maintenance Policies fo...
Zhao
Cover for One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
One Hundred Years of Chemical Wa...
Cover for Deborah Weiss · The Female Philosopher and Her Afterlives: Mary Wollstonecraft, the British Novel, and the Transformations of Feminism, 1796-1811 - Palgrave Studies in the Enlightenment, Romanticism and Cultures of Print (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
The Female Philosopher and Her A...
Deborah Weiss
Cover for Enterprises, Localities, People, and Policy in the South China Sea: Beneath the Surface - Critical Studies of the Asia-Pacific (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Enterprises, Localities, People,...
Cover for The Brazilian Economy since the Great Financial Crisis of 2007/2008 (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
The Brazilian Economy since the ...
Cover for Jacob W.M. Baars · Radio Telescope Reflectors: Historical Development of Design and Construction - Astrophysics and Space Science Library (Gebundenes Buch) [2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
2018 edition
Radio Telescope Reflectors: Hist...
Jacob W.M. Baars
Cover for Timely Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer (Gebundenes Buch) [2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
2018 edition
Timely Diagnosis of Colorectal C...
Cover for Coupling and Decoupling of Diverse Molecular Units in Glycosciences (Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Coupling and Decoupling of Diver...
Cover for Misztal · Wooden Domes (Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Wooden Domes
Misztal
Cover for Baldock · Classical Statistical Mechanics with Nested Sampling (Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Classical Statistical Mechanics ...
Baldock
Cover for Green Photonics and Electronics - NanoScience and Technology (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Green Photonics and Electronics ...
Cover for TCTP tpt1 Remodeling Signaling from Stem Cell to Disease (Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
TCTP tpt1 Remodeling Signaling f...
Cover for Breaking the Ice (Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Breaking the Ice
Cover for Carfora · Quantum Triangulations (Buch) [2nd ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Buch
2nd ed. 2017 edition
Quantum Triangulations
Carfora
Cover for Ramasubramanian · Essential Methods for Planning Practitioners (Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Essential Methods for Planning P...
Ramasubramanian
Cover for Beatriz L. Botero · Women in Contemporary Latin American Novels: Psychoanalysis and Gendered Violence - Literatures of the Americas (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Women in Contemporary Latin Amer...
Beatriz L. Botero
Cover for Thomas D Hall · Comparing Globalizations: Historical and World-Systems Approaches - World-Systems Evolution and Global Futures (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Comparing Globalizations: Histor...
Thomas D Hall
Cover for Research Advances in the Mathematical Education of Pre service Elementary Teache (Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Research Advances in the Mathema...
Cover for Shock Fitting (Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Shock Fitting
Cover for Shared Knowledge Shared Power (Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Shared Knowledge Shared Power
Cover for McDonald · High Precision Optical Spectroscopy and Quantum State Selected Photodissociation (Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
High Precision Optical Spectrosc...
McDonald
Cover for Phase Change Memory: Device Physics, Reliability and Applications (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Phase Change Memory: Device Phys...
Cover for Shunin · Nonregular Nanosystems (Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Nonregular Nanosystems
Shunin
Cover for International Symposium on Earth and Environmental Sciences for Future Generatio (Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
International Symposium on Earth...
Cover for Implementing Sustainability in the Curriculum of Universities (Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Implementing Sustainability in t...
Cover for Albarbar · Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Albarbar
Cover for Emotional Engineering Vol 6 (Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Emotional Engineering Vol 6
Cover for Mining Intelligence and Knowledge Exploration: 5th International Conference, MIKE 2017, Hyderabad, India, December 13–15, 2017, Proceedings - Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Taschenbuch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Taschenbuch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Mining Intelligence and Knowledg...
Cover for Logical Foundations of Computer Science: International Symposium, LFCS 2018, Deerfield Beach, FL, USA, January 8–11, 2018, Proceedings - Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Taschenbuch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Taschenbuch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Logical Foundations of Computer ...
Cover for Rooftop Urban Agriculture (Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Rooftop Urban Agriculture
Cover for Einsiedler · Functional Analysis Spectral Theory and Applications (Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Functional Analysis Spectral The...
Einsiedler
Cover for Seberry · Orthogonal Designs (Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Orthogonal Designs
Seberry
Cover for Ryan Shaffer · Music, Youth and International Links in Post-War British Fascism: The Transformation of Extremism - Palgrave Studies in the History of Subcultures and Popular Music (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Music, Youth and International L...
Ryan Shaffer
Cover for Challenging Cases and Complication Management in Pain Medicine (Taschenbuch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Taschenbuch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Challenging Cases and Complicati...
Cover for Freshwater Microplastics: Emerging Environmental Contaminants? - The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Freshwater Microplastics: Emergi...
Cover for Homological and Computational Methods in Commutative Algebra (Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Homological and Computational Me...
Cover for Demanding Energy: Space, Time and Change (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Demanding Energy: Space, Time an...
Cover for Dirk Schulze-Makuch · The Cosmic Zoo: Complex Life on Many Worlds (Taschenbuch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Taschenbuch
1st ed. 2017 edition
The Cosmic Zoo: Complex Life on ...
Dirk Schulze-Makuch
Cover for Adebusuyi Adeniran · Africa Now!: Emerging Issues and Alternative Perspectives (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Africa Now!: Emerging Issues and...
Adebusuyi Adeniran
Cover for Blind · The Entrepreneur in Rule Based Economics (Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
The Entrepreneur in Rule Based E...
Blind
Cover for Nicaragua Before the International Court of Justice: Impacts on International Law (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Nicaragua Before the Internation...
Cover for Risk, Participation, and Performance Practice: Critical Vulnerabilities in a Precarious World (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Risk, Participation, and Perform...
Cover for Collignon · The Governance of European Public Goods: Towards a Republican Paradigm of European Integration (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
The Governance of European Publi...
Collignon
Cover for China · China: A Historical Geography of the Urban (Gebundenes Buch) [2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
2018 edition
China: A Historical Geography of...
China
Cover for The Infectious Disease Diagnosis: A Case Approach (Gebundenes Buch) [2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
2018 edition
The Infectious Disease Diagnosis...
Cover for Elicitation (Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Elicitation
Cover for Michael S. Lee · A Case-Based Guide to Eye Pain: Perspectives from Ophthalmology and Neurology (Taschenbuch) [2018 edition] (2017)
Taschenbuch
2018 edition
A Case-Based Guide to Eye Pain: ...
Michael S. Lee
Cover for Post-Crash Economics: Plurality and Heterodox Ideas in Teaching and Research (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Post-Crash Economics: Plurality ...
Cover for The Logical Legacy of Nikolai Vasiliev and Modern Logic (Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
The Logical Legacy of Nikolai Va...
Cover for Observing the Oceans in Real Time - Springer Oceanography (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Observing the Oceans in Real Tim...
Cover for Performance and Civic Engagement (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Performance and Civic Engagement
Cover for Food Allergens: Best Practices for Assessing, Managing and Communicating the Risks - Food Microbiology and Food Safety (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Food Allergens: Best Practices f...
Cover for Gunnar Eliasson · Visible Costs and Invisible Benefits: Military Procurement as Innovation Policy - Economics of Science, Technology and Innovation (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Visible Costs and Invisible Bene...
Gunnar Eliasson
Cover for Intelligent Natural Language Processing Trends and Applications (Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Intelligent Natural Language Pro...
Cover for Plant Bioinformatics: Decoding the Phyta (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Plant Bioinformatics: Decoding t...
Cover for John M. Ball · Mathematical Thermodynamics of Complex Fluids: Cetraro, Italy 2015 - Lecture Notes in Mathematics (Taschenbuch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Taschenbuch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Mathematical Thermodynamics of C...
John M. Ball
Cover for CMOS Circuits for Biological Sensing and Processing (Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
CMOS Circuits for Biological Sen...
Cover for Metal Nanoparticles and Clusters (Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Metal Nanoparticles and Clusters
Cover for Chaotic, Fractional, and Complex Dynamics: New Insights and Perspectives - Understanding Complex Systems (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
Chaotic, Fractional, and Complex...
Cover for Precision Agriculture Technology and Economic Perspectives (Buch) [1st ed. 2017 edition] (2017)
Buch
1st ed. 2017 edition
Precision Agriculture Technology...
Cover for The Emergence of EU Defense Research Policy: From Innovation to Militarization - Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management (Gebundenes Buch) [1st ed. 2018 edition] (2017)
Gebundenes Buch
1st ed. 2018 edition
The Emergence of EU Defense Rese...